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White oaks)
Genus Quercus
Subgenus Quercus
Typical oaks. Widespread; acorns not tightly clustered, with scales on acorn cup arranged in spirals.
Section Quercus
The white oaks (synonym sect. Lepidobalanus). Europe, Asia, north Africa, North America. Styles short; acorns mature in 6 months, sweet or slightly bitter, inside of acorn shell hairless.
- Quercus alba - White oak - eastern North America
- Quercus aliena - Oriental white oak - eastern Asia
- Quercus arizonica - Arizona white oak # - southwestern North America
- Quercus austrina - Bluff oak - southeastern North America
- Quercus bicolor - Swamp white oak - eastern & midwestern North America
- Quercus boyntonii - Boynton's post oak - south central North America
- Quercus chapmannii - Chapmann oak - southeastern North America
- Quercus depressipes - - Texas
- Quercus douglasii - Blue oak - southwestern North America
- Quercus emoryi - Emory oak # - southwestern North America
- Quercus faginea - Portuguese oak - southwestern Europe
- Quercus fusiformis - Texas live oak - south central North America
- Quercus gambelii - Gambel oak - southwestern North America
- Quercus garryana - Oregon white oak - western North America
- Quercus geminata - Sand live oak # - southeastern North America
- Quercus grisea - Gray oak - south central North America
- Quercus havardii - Sand shinnery oak , Shin oak - south central North America
- Quercus hinckley - - Texas
- Quercus ilex - Holm oak # - southern Europe, northwestern Africa
- Quercus intricata - - Texas
- Quercus laceyi - Lacey oak - south central North America
- Quercus lanata - Woolly-leaved oak # - Himalaya
- Quercus leucotrichophora - Himalayan oak # - Himalaya
- Quercus lobata - Valley oak or California white oak - southwestern North America
- Quercus lyrata - Overcup oak - eastern North America
- Quercus macrocarpa - Bur oak - eastern & central North America
- Quercus mohriana - Mohr oak - southwestern North America
- Quercus michauxii - Swamp chestnut oak - eastern North America
- Quercus minima - Dwarf live oak # - southeastern North America
- Quercus mongolica - Mongolian oak - eastern Asia
- Quercus montana - Chestnut oak - eastern North America (syn. Q. prinus)
- Quercus muhlenbergii - Chinkapin oak - eastern North America
- Quercus oblongifolia - Mexican blue oak # - western North America
- Quercus oglethorpensis - Oglethorpe oak - southeastern North America
- Quercus petraea - Sessile oak - Europe
- Quercus polymorpha - Monterrey oak # - Mexico & extreme S. Texas
- Quercus prinoides - Dwarf chinkapin oak - eastern North America
- Quercus pubescens - Downy oak - Europe
- Quercus pungens - Sandpaper oak # - south central North America
- Quercus robur - Pedunculate oak, English oak - Europe, West Asia
- Quercus rugosa - Netleaf oak # - Mexico
- Quercus stellata - Post oak - eastern North America
- Quercus toumeyi - Toumey Oak - Extreme SW. New Mexico
- Quercus turbinella - Scrub live oak # - southwestern North America
- Quercus vaseyana - Vasey oak - southwestern North America
- Quercus virginiana - Southern live oak # - southeastern North America
Section Mesobalanus
Europe, Asia, north Africa. Styles long; acorns mature in 6 months, bitter, inside of acorn shell hairless (closely related to sect. Quercus and sometimes included in it).
- Quercus dentata - Daimyo oak - eastern Asia
- Quercus frainetto - Hungarian oak - southeastern Europe
- Quercus macranthera - Caucasian oak - western Asia
- Quercus pontica - Armenian oak - western Asia
- Quercus pyrenaica - Pyreneean oak - southwestern Europe
- Quercus vulcanica - Kasnak oak - southwestern Asia
Section Cerris
Europe, Asia, north Africa. Styles long; acorns mature in 18 months, very bitter, inside of acorn shell hairless or slightly hairy.
- Quercus acutissima - Sawtooth oak - eastern Asia
- Quercus calliprinos - Palestine oak # - southwestern Asia
- Quercus cerris - Turkey oak - southern Europe, southwestern Asia
- Quercus coccifera - Kermes oak # - southern Europe
- Quercus libani - Lebanon oak - southwestern Asia
- Quercus macrolepis - Vallonea oak - southwestern Asia
- Quercus semecarpifolia - Himalayan oak # - southern Asia
- Quercus suber - Cork oak # - southwestern Europe, northwestern Africa
- Quercus trojana - Macedonian oak - southeastern Europe
- Quercus variabilis - Chinese cork oak - eastern Asia
Section Protobalanus
The intermediate oaks. Southwest USA & northwest Mexico. Styles short, acorns mature in 18 months, very bitter, inside of acorn shell woolly.
- Quercus cedrosensis - Cedros Island oak # - Baja California
- Quercus chrysolepis - Canyon live oak # - southwestern North America
- Quercus palmeri - Palmer oak # - southwestern North America
- Quercus tomentella - Island oak # - southwestern North America
- Quercus vaccinifolia - Huckleberry oak # - southwestern North America
Section Lobatae
The red oaks (synonym sect. Erythrobalanus). North, Central & South America. Styles long, acorns mature in 18 months, very bitter, inside of acorn shell woolly.
- Quercus acerifolia - # - south central North America
- Quercus agrifolia - Coast live oak # - southwestern North America
- Quercus arkansana - Arkansas oak - southeastern North America
- Quercus buckleyi - Texas shumard oak - southwestern North America
- Quercus canbyi - Canby oak # - Mexico
- Quercus coccinea - Scarlet oak - eastern North America
- Quercus ellipsoidalis - Northern pin oak - eastern North America
- Quercus emoryi - Emory oak - southwestern North America
- Quercus falcata - Southern red oak, or Spanish oak - southeastern North America
- Quercus gravesii - Chisos red oak - Mexico, southwestern North America (Texas)
- Quercus graciliformis - # - Extreme SW North America
- Quercus georgiana - Georgia oak - southeastern North America
- Quercus humboldtii - South American Oak # - northern South America
- Quercus hypoleucoides - Silverleaf oak # - southwestern North America
- Quercus ilicifolia - Bear oak - eastern North America
- Quercus imbricaria - Shingle oak - eastern North America
- Quercus incana - Bluejack oak - southwestern North America
- Quercus inopina - # - southeastern North America
- Quercus kelloggii - California black oak - western North America
- Quercus laevis - American turkey oak - southeastern North America
- Quercus laurifolia - Laurel oak # - southeastern North America
- Quercus marilandica - Blackjack oak - eastern North America
- Quercus myrtifolia - Myrtle oak - southeastern North America
- Quercus nigra - Water oak # - eastern North America
- Quercus palustris - Pin oak - eastern North America
- Quercus phellos - Willow oak - eastern North America
- Quercus polymorpha - Coahuila oak # - Mexico
- Quercus pumila - Runner oak - southeastern North America
- Quercus rhysophylla - Loquat-leaf oak # - Mexico
- Quercus rubra - Northern red oak - eastern North America
- Quercus shumardii - Shumard oak - eastern North America
- Quercus tardifolia - Lateleaf oak - Extreme S.Texas
- Quercus texana - Nuttall's oak - south central North America
- Quercus velutina - Black oak - eastern North America
- Quercus wislizenii - Interior live oak # - southwestern North America
Subgenus Cyclobalanopsis
Cluster-acorn oaks. A large group of evergreen oaks in east Asia with clustered acorns and the scales on the acorn cups in distinct concrescent rings (see photo, right); often treated as a separate genus Cyclobalanopsis.
Section Cyclobalanopsis
- Quercus acuta - Japanese evergreen oak # - eastern Asia
- Quercus glauca - Glaucous-leaf oak # - southeastern Asia
- Quercus kerrii - Kerr's oak # - southeastern Asia
- Quercus lamellosa - # - Himalaya
- Quercus lineata - # - southeastern Asia
- Quercus myrsinifolia - Bamboo-leaf oak # - eastern Asia
- Quercus oxyodon - # - Assam, Myanmar
- Quercus dilatata - # -Himalaya (not sure what subgenus)
Notes
# Species with evergreen foliage ("live oaks") are tagged #. Note that the change from deciduous to evergreen character (or vice-versa) has evolved on numerous occasions in Quercus, and does not necessarily indicate that the species concerned are closely related.
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