This is a list of the Premiers of China since 1911.
According to Chinese Historical Records, the first primier of China was appointed in about 1130 BC , by First King of Shang Dynasty. Since then, almost every monarch in China had appointed a Primier or Prime Minister to help him to run the adminstration. However, since monarch in China declared himself as Emperor in 221 BC, the power on the premiers' hands was reduced because of the Emperors' intentions of setting up a Absolute monarchy. Finally, in 1830, Emperor Hongwu decreed to kill his Prime Minister, & never appointed another one in his life. Since this, emperors never appointed any other premiers since 1911.
The modern creation of Chinese Premiership happened in mid 1911, when Qing Imperial Government created the "Imperial Family Cabinet" as a "reform" on Chinese politics. Since Yuan Shikai take over the premiership, premiers of China played an influential role in Chinese politics.
Premiers are appointed by Presidents, but some primiers in history were even more powerful than the presidents. Some presidents were even expelled by the premiers they appointed.
The title of premier in China had been changed several times, so this list is divided into several sections.
Prime Ministers of Qing Imperial Government(1911-1912)
The Qing Imperial Government created the "Imperial Family Cabinet" in May 1911, in order to relieve the anger of the people. But the formation of Cabinet even brought more disaffection. Soon the Wuchang Uprising triggered the collaps of the cabinet & the dynasty.
Premiers of the Cabinet of ROC(1912-1914)
According to Provsional Constitution of Republic of China, which passed in 1912, the leader of the majority party or the majority coalition should be appointed premier by the president.
- Tang Shaoyi - (March 13 - June 27, 1912)
- Lu Zhengxiang - (29 June - September 25, 1912)
- Zhao Bingjun - (September 25, 1912 - May 1, 1913)
- Duan Qirui, acting Premier - (May 1 - July 31, 1913)
- Xiong Xiling (July 31, 1913 - February 12, 1914)
- Sun Baoqi, acting Premier - (February 12 - May 1, 1914)
Secretaries of state of ROC (1914-1916)
Premiers of ROC's State Council(1916-1917)
- Duan Qirui (29 Jun 1916 - 23 May 1917, 1st time)
- Wu Tingfang (23 May - 28 May 1917, acting)
- Li Jingxi (28 May - 1 Jul 1917, 1st time)
Prime Minister of Qing Restored Imperial Government(1917)
A coup d'etat in order to restore Qing monarchy occurred on July 1, 1917. The leader of coup, Chang Hsun, soon be reward the premiership by Emperor Puyi. But Chang is defeated by Duan Qirui on July 12 and the Republic of China restored.
- Chang Hsün (1 - 12 Jul 1917)
Premiers of ROC's State Council(1917-1925)
- Duan Qirui (14 Jul - 22 Nov 1917, 2nd time)
- Wang Daxie (22 - 30 Nov 1917, acting 1st time)
- Wang Shizhen (30 Nov 1917 - 20 Feb 1918, acting)
- Qian Nengxun (20 Feb - 23 Mar 1918, acting 1st time)
- Duan Qirui (23 Mar - 10 Oct 1918, 3rd time)
- Qian Nengxun (10 Oct 1918 - 13 Jun 1919, acting 2nd time)
- Gong Xinzhan (13 Jun - 24 Sep 1919, acting)
- Jin Yunpeng (24 Sep 1919 - 14 May 1920, 1st time, acting to 5 Nov 1919)
- Sa Zhenbing (14 May - 9 Aug 1920)
- Jin Yunpeng (9 Aug 1920 - 18 Dec 1921, 2nd time)
- Yan Huiqing (18 Dec - 24 Dec 1921, acting, 1st time)
- Liang Shiyi (24 Dec 1921 - 25 Jan 1922)
- Yan Huiqing (25 Jan - 8 Apr 1922, acting, 2nd time)
- Zhou Ziqi (8 Apr - 11 Jun 1922, acting)
- Yan Huiqing (11 Jun - 5 Aug 1922, 3rd time)
- Wang Chonghui (5 Aug - 29 Nov 1922,acting)
- Wang Daxie (29 Nov - 11 Dec 1922, acting 2nd time)
- Wang Zhengting(11 Dec 1922 - 4 Jan 1923, acting)
- Zhang Shaozeng (4 Jan - 9 Sep 1923)
- Gao Lingwei(9 Sep 1923 - 12 Jan 1924)
- Sun Baoqi (12 Jan - 2 Jul 1924, 2nd time)
- Gu Weijun (2 Jul - 14 Sep 1924, acting)
- Yan Huiqing (14 Sep - 31 Oct 1924, 4th time)
- Huang Fu (2 Nov - 24 Nov 1924, acting)
Note: The Premiership was abolished from November 25, 1924 to December 26, 1925. The head of the cabinet during this period was Duan Qirui, the Provisional Chief Executive of ROC.
Premiers of ROC's State Council(1925-1928)
- Xu Shiying (26 Dec 1925 - 4 Mar 1926)
- Jia Deyao (4 Mar - 20 Apr 1926, acting)
- Hu Weide (20 Apr - 13 May 1926, acting)
- Yan Huiqing (13 May - 22 Jun 1926, 5th time)
- Du Xigui (22 Jun - 1 Oct 1926, acting)
- Gu Weijun (1 Oct 1926 - 18 Jun 1927, acting 2nd time)
- Pan Fu (18 Jun 1927 - 2 Jun 1928)
Presidents of the ROC's Executive Yuan on the Mainland (1928-1949)
When Chiang Kai-shek established the Nanking Nationalist Government in 1928, he created a presidency for Executive Yuan instead of a premiership, in order to show the difference between his government and the previous one in Peking (then Peiping, now Beijing).
Note: Yen Hsi-Shan serve as Presidents of the Executive Yuan on Taiwan after Chinese civil war until 7 Mar 1950. For those Presidents of the ROC's Executive Yuan in Taipei since 1949, See Premier of the Republic of China.
Premiers of PRC's State Council(since 1949)
The Premiership of PRC was created since the establishment of the People's Republic on October 1, 1949.
See Also: Premier of the People's Republic of China
- Zhou Enlai - (October 1, 1949-January 8,1976)
- Hua Guofeng -(February 4, 1976-September 10, 1980)
- Zhao Ziyang - (September 10, 1980-November 24, 1987).
- Li Peng - (1987-March 17, 1998)
- Zhu Rongji - (March 17, 1998-March 16, 2003)
- Wen Jiabao - since March 16, 2003.
